Maryland E-Bike Laws in 2025: Everything You Need to Know

If you’re planning to ride or buy an e-bike in Maryland, it’s important to understand the current rules. 

Maryland e-bike laws explain where you can ride, age limits, and how different classes of e-bikes are treated on roads and trails.

Maryland E-Bike Laws at a Glance

• Maryland recognizes three classes of e-bikes: Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3.
• No license, registration, or insurance is required.
• Riders must be at least 16 years old to operate a Class 3 e-bike.
• Class 3 e-bikes are restricted from bike paths unless the path is next to a road or specifically permitted by local authorities.
• Riding on sidewalks is not allowed unless local rules make an exception.
• Trail access depends on whether the trail allows motorized vehicles.

Are E-Bikes Legal in Maryland?

Yes, e-bikes are legal in Maryland and are regulated much like traditional bicycles. Riders must follow the same traffic laws as cyclists, and e-bikes are not treated like mopeds or motor vehicles.

Maryland law makes it clear that e-bike riders have the same rights and responsibilities as regular cyclists on the road. 

This means stopping at red lights, yielding when required, and riding in the same direction as traffic. Unlike motor vehicles, e-bikes don’t need tags, insurance, or registration.

The only key differences come with restrictions on Class 3 e-bikes and where e-bikes can be used on trails or sidewalks. 

Local authorities also have the power to create their own rules, so it’s always smart to check area-specific regulations before riding.

Maryland E-Bike Definition and Requirements

Maryland defines e-bikes as bicycles with an electric motor, divided into three classes based on speed and how the motor is activated.

Here’s how the state breaks them down:

• Class 1: Pedal-assist only, motor stops at 20 mph.
• Class 2: Throttle-activated motor, stops at 20 mph.
• Class 3: Pedal-assist only, motor stops at 28 mph.

Additional requirements to keep in mind:

• Riders must be 16 or older to operate a Class 3 e-bike, though passengers under 16 are allowed.
• Class 3 e-bikes are not allowed on most bike paths unless they run next to a road or local authorities make an exception.
• E-bikes are not allowed on sidewalks unless local rules specifically permit them.

Where Can You Ride an E-Bike in Maryland?

You can ride e-bikes on most roads and designated bike lanes in Maryland, but access to trails, sidewalks, and park areas depends on local and state rules. 

The Maryland Department of Natural Resources notes that e-bikes are treated like motorized vehicles on state park lands, so their use is limited on natural-surface trails unless the trail is already open to motorized use.

Allowed on:

• Public roads where bicycles are permitted
• Bike lanes alongside traffic
• Some shared-use paths, depending on the class of e-bike
• Motorized trails on state or federal lands
• Trails specifically marked as open to e-bikes

Not allowed on:

• Sidewalks, unless a local law specifically allows it
• Non-motorized trails in state parks or on federal lands
• Class 3 e-bikes on bike paths, unless the path runs alongside a road or local authorities grant an exception
• Any trail or park area where signage prohibits motorized bicycles

Age and Helmet Requirements

In Maryland, riders must be at least 16 years old to operate a Class 3 e-bike, and helmets are required for certain riders.

The age restriction applies only to Class 3 models, which can reach assisted speeds of 28 mph. Riders under 16 can still be passengers on these bikes, but cannot operate them themselves. 

For Class 1 and Class 2 e-bikes, there is no minimum age requirement written into state law, though safe riding practices suggest that younger riders should be supervised.

When it comes to helmets, Maryland requires anyone under 16 riding a bicycle or e-bike to wear one. Even though adults are not legally required to wear helmets, safety experts strongly recommend it because e-bikes often travel faster than traditional bikes. 

Many cities and schools also have their own safety rules, so it’s worth checking local ordinances.

Do You Need a License or Registration?

No, Maryland does not require a license, registration, or insurance for e-bikes. They are regulated under bicycle laws, not as motor vehicles.

This makes owning and riding an e-bike simpler than scooters or mopeds, which often require tags and insurance. 

The state designed this system to encourage cycling and make low-speed e-bikes accessible to more people. Still, riders must follow traffic laws, and local governments may add specific restrictions in their areas.

E-Bikes in Maryland State Parks and Forests

Maryland treats e-bikes as motorized vehicles on state lands, which means access is limited compared to traditional bicycles. 

On natural-surface trails, e-bikes are usually not allowed unless the trail is already open to dirt bikes, ATVs, or other motorized use. This rule applies to both state parks and forests.

That said, many paved or shared-use paths in Maryland’s parks are open to e-bikes, especially for Class 1 and Class 2 models. 

Riders should always check with the specific park office or review the Maryland DNR park policies before heading out, since local managers can set their own rules. 

When in doubt, stick to areas clearly marked for bicycles or motorized vehicles.

Safety Tips and Best Practices

Riding an e-bike in Maryland is straightforward, but safety should always come first.

• Wear a helmet: Even if you’re over 16 and not legally required, helmets greatly reduce head injury risks.
• Follow traffic laws: Stop at signals, ride in the same direction as traffic, and use hand signals.
• Stay visible: Use lights and reflective gear, especially at night or in low-light conditions.
• Check your speed: Remember that Class 3 bikes can reach 28 mph, which is faster than most cyclists expect.
• Charge safely: Only use manufacturer-approved chargers and never leave batteries charging unattended.
• Respect trail rules: Do not ride on non-motorized trails unless e-bikes are clearly permitted.

Final Words

Maryland e-bike laws aim to balance safety, access, and enjoyment for all riders. 

E-bikes are treated like bicycles on most roads, but there are clear rules about age limits, bike path use, and trail access, especially for Class 3 models. 

By knowing the basics and checking local regulations, you can ride legally and responsibly across the state.

Whether you’re commuting in the city, riding for fun, or exploring Maryland’s park systems, following these laws and best practices will keep you safe and help protect trail access for other e-bikers in the future.

FAQs

Are Class 3 e-bikes legal in Maryland?

Yes, Class 3 e-bikes are legal, but riders must be at least 16 years old. They are restricted from most bike paths unless the path runs next to a roadway or is specifically approved by local authorities.

Can I ride an e-bike on sidewalks in MD?

Not usually. Maryland law prohibits e-bikes on sidewalks unless a local ordinance allows it. Always check city or county rules before riding.

Can I use throttle mode on my e-bike in state parks?

No, throttle use is generally not allowed on natural-surface trails in state parks. E-bikes are treated as motorized vehicles, so they can only go where motorized access is already permitted.

Are there speed limits for e-bikes in Maryland?

Yes. Class 1 and Class 2 e-bikes stop providing motor assist at 20 mph, while Class 3 stops at 28 mph. Riders should also obey posted speed limits on shared-use paths and roads.

Can kids ride e-bikes in MD?

Children under 16 cannot operate a Class 3 e-bike but may ride as passengers. For Class 1 and Class 2 bikes, there’s no statewide minimum age, but helmets are required for anyone under 16.